La voz pasiva suele utilizarse en textos formales. Cambiar a la voz activa hará que lo que escribes resulte más claro y fácil de leer.
| Pasiva | Activa |
|---|---|
| A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words. | A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of meaning. |
| Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases. | A mass of gases wrap around our planet. |
| Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of ways. | The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways. |
Si queremos decir quién o qué realiza la acción en una construcción en pasiva, empleamos la preposición "by". Cuando sabemos quién realizó la acción y el sujeto nos interesa, siempre es mejor optar por la voz activa.
| Pasiva | Activa |
|---|---|
| "A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles. | The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night". |
| The movie ET was directed by Spielberg. | Spielberg directed the movie ET. |
| This house was built by my father. | My father built this house. |
Consulta más información sobre la voz pasiva y sus equivalentes en activa para todos los tiempos verbales del inglés.
Formación de la voz pasiva
En inglés, la voz pasiva está compuesta por dos elementos:
la forma apropiada del verbo "to be" + "past participle"
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa | Interrogativa negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| The house was built in 1899. | The house wasn't built in 1899. | Was the house built in 1899? | Wasn't the house built in 1899? |
| These houses were built in 1899. | These houses weren't built in 1899. | Were these houses built in 1899? | Weren't these houses built in 1899? |
"To clean", voz pasiva
| Sujeto | + "to be" (conjugado) | + "past participle" | + resto de la oración |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple present | |||
| The house | is | cleaned | every day. |
| Present continuous | |||
| The house | is being | cleaned | at the moment. |
| Simple past | |||
| The house | was | cleaned | yesterday. |
| Past continuous | |||
| The house | was being | cleaned | last week. |
| Present perfect | |||
| The house | has been | cleaned | since you left. |
| Past perfect | |||
| The house | had been | cleaned | before they arrived. |
| Future | |||
| The house | will be | cleaned | next week. |
| Future continuous | |||
| The house | will be being | cleaned | tomorrow. |
| Present conditional | |||
| The house | would be | cleaned | if they had visitors. |
| Past conditional | |||
| The house | would have been | cleaned | if it had been dirty. |
| Inifinitivo | |||
| The house | must be | cleaned | before we arrive. |
La voz pasiva con infinitivos
El infinitivo en la voz pasiva se emplea detrás de los verbos modales y de la mayoría de los verbos que normalmente van seguidos de infinitivo.
Ejemplos
You have to be tested on your English grammar.John might be promoted next year.
She wants to be invited to the party.
I expect to be surprised on my birthday.
You may be disappointed.
La voz pasiva con el "gerund"
El "gerund" en la voz pasiva se utiliza después de las preposiciones y verbos que normalmente van seguidos de "gerund".
Ejemplos
I remember being taught to drive.The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.
Most film stars hate being interviewed.
Most film stars hate to be interviewed.
Poodles like to be pampered.
Poodles like being pampered.
Uso de "to be born"
"To be born" es una formación pasiva y suele emplearse en pasado. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, el presente o el futuro resultan apropiados.
Ejemplos
I was born in 1976.Where were you born?
Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.
We don't know on exactly which day the baby will be born.
En ocasiones, la voz pasiva se forma utilizando los verbos "to get" o "to have" en lugar del verbo "to be". Estas particularidades se tratan en una página aparte, modos alternativos de formar la voz pasiva.
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